January 2012 coverJanuary, Volume 50, Number 1 This month's cover is the frontispiece of Amagestum Novum, depicting Riccioli's assessment of the debate over whether the Earth moved. In his paper beginning on p. 8, Christopher Graney discusses how he uses Riccioli's "wrong answers" to teach students about science. (Image courtesy of History of Science Collections, University of Oklahoma Libraries)

December 2011 coverDecember 2011, Volume 49, Number 9 This month's cover...shows a composite image (x-ray, visible, radio) of NGC 1068, one of the nearest and brightest galaxies containing a supermassive black hole. Arunava Roy discusses the possibility of producing black holes at the Large Hadron Collider in his paper beginning on p. 544 of this issue. Image Credit: X-ray (NASA/CXC/MIT/C. Canizares, D. Evans et al.), Optical (NASA/STScI), Radio (NSF/ NRAO/VLA).
November 2011 coverNovember 2011, Volume 49, Number 8 This Month’s Cover...shows a steam ring expelled by Etna’s summit crater as one of many on February 24, 2000. By observing the shadow of the ring on the ground, the photographer estimated it to be a staggering 200 meters. See Elisha Huggins’ article on making smoke rings in your classroom, page. 488. (photo © by Jürg Alean, Eglisau, Switzerland) 
October 2011 coverOctober 2011, Volume 49, Number 7 This Month’s Cover...is the second place winner in the Contrived category of AAPT’s 2011 High School Physics Photo Contest. The finger applies pressure as it circles the rim of a crystal wine glass, the glass vibrates, and the excited water shoots out of the glass in all directions. Also, the glass creates a high-pitched sound because of the vibrations(photo by: Thomas Alper, West Boca Raton High School; Marc Bjorkland, teacher) 
September 2011 coverSeptember 2011, Volume 49, Number 6 Shows the phenomenon of a water drop beading up on the surface of a lotus leaf. Said Shakerin discusses how this "lotus effect" is illustrated in toys that use superhydrophobic surfaces, and their use in the physics classroom, in his article beginning on p. 346 of this issue. 
May 2011 coverMay 2011, Volume 49, Number 5 Is an original depiction by AAPT graphic artist Matt Payne of Robert Hooke with a pogo stick. In his paper beginning on p.300, author Nicolas Silva describes using a pogo stick in the physics classroom to study Hooke's law. 
April 2011 coverApril 2011, Volume 49, Number 4 Svilen Kostov and Daniel Hammer describe classroom experiments with the gyroscope in their paper beginning on p. 216 of this issue. The article is accompanied by the description of a related online simulation, created by Wolfgang Christian, that is available in the OSP ComPADRE Collection. 
March 2011 coverMarch 2011, Volume 49, Number 3 is a representation of a DNA double helix. See article by Braun et al. on p. 140 about Rosalind Franklin's discoveries concerning the structure of DNA. (image courtesy of the National Human Genome Research Institute) 
February 2011 coverFebruary 2011, Volume 49, Number 2 Walter Trikosko discusses the physics of a glitter ball in his paper beginning on p. 110 of this issue. 
January 2011 coverJanuary 2011, Volume 49, Number 1 This Month’s Cover is devoted to a revered physics teacher, author, physicist, and former TPT editor, Cliff Swartz. He will be missed by all who knew him. 

December 2010 cover December 2010, Volume 48, Number 9 The image is a model rocket blasts off during the 2009 Team America Rocketry Challenge (rocketcontest.org). Kim Penn and William Slaton discuss measuring rocket engine thrust curves in their paper beginning on p. 591 of this month's issue. (Photo © The Aerospace Industries Association of America Inc.)
November 2010 cover November 2010, Volume 48, Number 8 The image is an honorable mention winner in the 2010 AAPT High School Physics Photo Contest. Titled "Magical Maypole," the photo is by Abby Kelso from the Archer School for Girls in Los Angeles. Her physics teacher is Helen Reese.
October 2010 cover October 2010, Volume 48, Number 7  In his note on p. 488, David Kagan describes "A Very Inexpensive Magnus Force Demonstrator" for qualitatively observing the lateral force on a spinning ball. (Photo by Jim Pallis, courtesy Cislunar Aerospace, Inc. and NASA)
September 2010 cover September 2010, Volume 48, Number 6  In their paper on p. 365, A. J. Shinabargar and coauthors describe the performance of elite world-class sprinters and discuss Usain Bolt's uniqueness as an athlete.
May 2010 cover May 2010, Volume 48, Number 5 In their paper beginning on p. 292, Amit Tandon and John Marshall revisit the question of why tea leaves gather at the center of a cup when the tea is stirred. The photos show bottom circulation made visible by dissolving potassium permanganate crystals in a rotating container of water.
April 2010 cover April 2010, Volume 48, Number 4 The U.S.S. Arizona. J. Patrick Dishaw discusses the physics of "Battleship Buoyancy" in his paper on p. 242 of this issue.( Photo: courtesy of Michael W. Pocock and www.maritimequest.com)
March 2010 cover March 2010, Volume 48, Number 3 In their paper beginning on p. 162 of this issue, Art Stinner and Don Metz discuss using information on the space shuttle’s ascent with your physics students.
February 2010 cover February 2010, Volume 48, Number 2 Vaseline glass is one of several unconventional sources of radioactivity featured in David Lapp's paper beginning on p. 90 of this month's issue. (Photo courtesy of Charles Peden; http://www.charlespeden.com)
January 2010 cover January 2010, Volume 48, Number 1 Adam Green and coauthors discuss using polarization images of insect bodies in their paper beginning of p. 17 of this issue.

December 2009 cover December 2009, Volume 47, Number 9 This month's cover shows a "wind flyer" soaring off a cliff in Norway while wearing a wingsuit. Diane Riendeau’s "YouTube Physics" column this month features video clips that depict how we can use the wind and air resistance to perform incredible feats. We encourage readers to submit their favorite YouTube videos and how they can be used in the physics classroom.
November 2009 cover November 2009, Volume 47, Number 8 This month's cover is "Poolside Phenomenon," from the 2009 AAPT High School Physics Photo Contest won 2nd place in the Contrived Category. The photographer is Samantha Gold from Plainview-Old Bethpage JFK High School in Plainview, NY. Her teacher is Jordan Pekor. Read about the physics of the photo at our website, www.aapt.org.
October 2009 cover October 2009, Volume 47, Number 7 Zhu and Shi's paper beginning on p. 424 of this issue discusses why a small fish in a spherical fishbowl "disappears" when viewed from a specific location.
September 2009 cover September 2009, Volume 47, Number 6 This month's cover shows a gymnast performing on the uneven parallel bars. The paper "The Physics of a Gymnastics Flight Element," by Jonas Contakos and coauthors, begins on p. 355 of this month’s issue. (Photo by Sing Lo)
May 2009 cover May 2009, Volume 47, Number 5 This cover photo shows a portion of the 9600 photomultiplier tube sensors and reflectors for the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory detector, with the bottom of the 12-meter diameter acrylic vessel visible at the top. The green photomultiplier tubes have received a single photon of light from a typical neutrino scattering event in the heavy water inside the acrylic vessel, and the ring pattern is analyzed to reveal neutrino information. See the paper by Hallin and Hallman beginning on p. 274 of this month's issue. (Photo: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Roy Kaltschmidt, photographer)
April 2009 cover April 2009, Volume 47, Number 4 Nanotubes 70–100 nm in diameter containing cobalt-palladium alloy at the ends. In the magnetic field maps the colors represent the direction and intensity of the field, and the contours the magnetic field lines. Mark Freeman's paper "Nanomagnetism: A Case History of Nanoscience and Technology" begins on p. 206 of this month's issue. (Photo acknowledgments: Ed Simpson, Yasuhiko Hayashi, Takeshi Kasama and Rafal Dunin-Borkowski, University of Cambridge. © Ed Simpson)
March 2009 cover March 2009, Volume 47, Number 3 This month's cover features a colorful 2008 AAPT High School Photo Contest entry. This scene was created by pouring Sour Skittles® candy into a sink filled with an inch of cold tap water. The candies were allowed to sit in the water for 15 minutes. The principle of entropy, which states that all objects have a tendency to become more disordered, is shown in this picture. When placed into the water, colored dyes from the candy surfaces diffused away in increasingly random patterns, sometimes mixing together to form a new color. Photo by: Christopher M. Wemp Aptos High School, Aptos, CA Teacher: Joe Manildi
February 2009 cover February 2009, Volume 47, Number 2 Mark Ilyes and Whitney Ortman-Link describe a physics "road rally" activity in their paper beginning on p. 98 of this month's issue.
January 2009 cover January 2009, Volume 47, Number 1 A Fermilab image in which the reflecting pond in front of Wilson Hall has been replaced by the image of a particle collision event that produced a top quark. The picture of the sky is from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Teresa MacDonald and Alice Bean's paper "Quarked!— Adventures in Particle Physics Education" begins on p. 38 of this issue.

December 2008 cover December 2008, Volume 46, Number 9 In their paper beginning on p. 539 of this issue, Andy Buffler and his co-authors discuss measurement and uncertainty in the introductory physics lab. (Appalachian Photo by University Photographer Marie Freeman)
November 2008 cover November 2008, Volume 46, Number 8 This month's cover is the first-place winner of the Contrived Category in AAPT's 2008 High School Physics Photo Contest. The photo shows a paper clip supported by surface tension and illuminated by bright light coming through a window covered with blinds. (Photo by Shilpa Hampole, Notre Dame High School, San Jose, CA. Teacher: Bill Whitney)
October 2008 cover October 2008, Volume 46, Number 7 Sami Kapanen displays his skating abilities, which involves many aspects of physics and biomechanics. For more about the physics of hockey, see Alain Haché's paper beginning on p. 398.
September 2008 cover September 2008, Volume 46, Number 6 Koji Tsukamoto and Masanori Uchino describe using a blowgun demonstration in the physics classroom in their paper beginning on p. 334 of this month’s issue. (Photo © Elliot Budd)
May 2008 cover May 2008, Volume 46, Number 5 A pixelated image of a cougar's eye. Steve Kreis's paper, beginning on p. 304 of this issue, discusses megapixels and resolution of the human eye. (Artwork © R.C. Beaconsfield)
April 2008 cover April 2008, Volume 46, Number 4 A photo of lava lamp designed and constructed by Todd Leif's students. See his paper beginning on p. 219 of this issue.
March 2008 cover March 2008, Volume 46, Number 3 This Month's Cover is a photograph taken through pinhole glasses. Learn more in the paper by Čepič et al. beginning on p. 186 of this issue.
February 2008 cover February 2008, Volume 46, Number 2 This image depicts head and spine movement during a whiplash event (the middle figure shows the normal position of the head). Giuseppe Colicchia and coauthors discuss the kinematics of whiplash in their paper beginning on p. 88 of this issue. (Photo courtesy of Zygote Media Group, Inc.)
January 2008 cover January 2008, Volume 46, Number 1 Arrows mark the center of the Milky Way Galaxy. Observations of stars moving in small orbits around that point indicate the presence of a massive black hole. Mike Ruiz’s paper, "A Black Hole in Our Galactic Center," begins on p. 10 of this month's issue.

December 2007 cover December 2007, Volume 45, Number 9 Giovanni Pezzi and his coauthors discuss whether it's more exciting to ride on the front or the back of a roller coaster in their paper beginning of p. 536 of this month's issue. (Photo from fotosearch.com)
November 2007 cover November 2007, Volume 45, Number 8 This month's cover is a color-enhanced image of a water geyser above the surface of Saturn's moon Eceladus. Gordon McIntosh's paper discusses various types of precipitation in the solar system in his paper beginning on p. 502 of this issue. (Photo courtesy of NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute.)
October 2007 cover October 2007, Volume 45, Number 7 This month's cover is one of the top 100 entries from AAPT's 2007 High School Physics Photo Contest. The photo,"Optical Mosaic," demonstrates a real image in a glass of water. For this image, the student intentionally placed two glasses of water in front of three panels of colors, and then another glass of water in front of the first two. The third glass of water reversed the image of the first two glasses. Each glass of water is illustrating the same physics concept of light refraction. Light refracts through each glass of water. (Photo by Kate Antone, Wildwood Secondary School, Los Angeles, CA. Teacher: Dr. Tengiz Bibilashvili)
September 2007 cover September 2007, Volume 45, Number 6 Ron Edge's paper "Caught in the Draft," beginning on p. 338 of this issue, examines the physics behind the downdraft caused by a helicopter as it hovers over the ground.
May 2007 cover May 2007, Volume 45, Number 5 This month's cover is an image of the Statue of Liberty constructed out of 96 complete sets of "double nine" dominoes. Diane Riendeau discusses using domino artwork in the physics class on pp. 313–314 of this issue. (Photo courtesy of Robert Bosch, DominoArtwork.com)
April 2007 cover April 2007, Volume 45, Number 4 This month's cover is a photo of students investigating the inverse square law. See Russell Downie’s paper beginning on p. 206.
March 2007 cover March 2007, Volume 45, Number 3 This month's cover is a snapshot from a computer simulation of the geodynamo, i.e., the generation of the Earth's magnetic field by convection in the Earth’s fluid core. The magnetic field is illustrated with lines of force; yellow lines represent outward directed field and blue lines represent inward directed field. The simulation was produced by Gary A. Glatzmaier (Univ. of California, Santa Cruz) and Paul H. Roberts (Univ. of California, Los Angeles). Watt and Roth describe an elementary model of the Earth's magnetic field in their paper beginning on p. 168.
February 2007 cover February 2007, Volume 45, Number 2 Lori DiLisi enjoys a moment of microgravity while flying aboard NASA's C9 aircraft known as the "Vomit Comet." In their paper beginning on page 75 of this issue, Robert Dempsey, Gretchen Santo, and Greg and Lori DiLisi describe their training and flight aboard this weightless wonder. (Photo courtesy of NASA)
January 2007 cover January 2007, Volume 45, Number 1 This month's cover shows students cutting an ellipse into orbital arcs and measuring the force at different radii. Jeffrey Prentis and coauthors discuss a hands-on proof of the inverse square nature of gravity in their paper beginning on p. 20 of this issue. (Photo by Ruth Dusenbery)

December 2006 cover December 2006, Volume 44, Number 9 This photo, by Bohao Pan of Cranbrook Kingswood School (Bloomfield Hills, MI), won an honorable mention in the Contrived Category of the 2006 AAPT/Lexmark High School Physics Photo Contest. A horseshoe magnet placed on top of a CRT computer monitor produced a field that deflected moving electrons away from their intended pixels.
November 2006 cover November 2006, Volume 44, Number 8 Alan J. DeWeerd and S. Eric Hill discuss some interesting optical properties of a popular yard and garden ornament, the helical mirror or "spinner," in their paper beginning on p. 496 of this month's issue.
October 2006 cover October 2006, Volume 44, Number 7 In his paper beginning on p. 414 of this issue, David Keeports describes an activity that uses an Earth–Moon radio transmission to estimate the speed of light.
September 2006 cover September 2006, Volume 44, Number 6 This month's cover shows a northern harrier in flight. Bernard Feldman and coauthors discuss the origin of bird flight in their paper beginning on p. 351 of this issue.
May 2006 cover May 2006, Volume 44, Number 5 The physics of kicking a soccer ball is the topic of Armando Vieira's paper "Kick-off," beginning on p. 286 of this month's issue.
April 2006 cover April 2006, Volume 44, Number 4 Frost covers the petals of a chrysanthemum on this month's cover. Gordon McIntosh discusses frost on the Earth's surface and on other bodies in the solar system in his paper beginning on p. 226.
March 2006 cover March 2006, Volume 44, Number 3 The Big Dipper rises above Hohenzollern Castle in the Swabian Alb mountain range (southern Germany). Authors Kuo and Beichner describe a classroom vector activity using this well-known constellation in their paper beginning on p. 168 of this issue. (Photo courtesy of Till Credner, AlltheSky.com)
February 2006 cover February 2006, Volume 44, Number 2 This month's cover is a montage of solar images from the SOHO (the SOlar and Heliospheric Observatory) website. "The Power of the Sun" is the title of the DVD included with this month's issue. See p. 72 to learn more about this documentary. (photo credit: SOHO Consortium, ESA, and NASA)
January 2006 cover January 2006, Volume 44, Number 1 This month's cover celebrates 75 years of the American Association of Physics Teachers with a collage of physics teacher and student photos. During the year-long celebration, AAPT will recall the role members play in opening students’ minds to the wonders of physics and the doors a physics education can open. Find out more at http://www.aapt.org/anniversary.

December 2005 cover December 2005, Volume 43, Number 9 This month's cover is a photo that was taken at an overlook on the road between Anchorage and Fairbanks, AK. It shows the northern lights over the Chulitna River and the peaks of the Alaska Range, including Denali (Mt. McKinley), the highest mountain in North America at 20,320 feet. This is a two-second exposure. Exposure for most auroras is around 20–60 seconds, so this was an exceptional display. For more on photographing auroras, see Harry Manos' paper beginning on p. 573 of this issue. (Photo courtesy of C. Scott McGee, 2005; http://www.alaskaphotos.biz)
November 2005 cover November 2005, Volume 43, Number 8 This month's cover is photo, by Sarah Kalagvano of Clarkstown High School North in New City, NY, received honorable mention in the AAPT High School Photo Contest (Natural Category). A large virtual image of the photographer's face is produced by reflection from a flat surface of the iron. Rays reflected from the concave dimples are focused to form smaller real (inverted) images of her face. This picture, along with other contest entries, is featured in a poster that will be distributed with the January TPT.
October 2005 cover October 2005, Volume 43, Number 7 This month's cover shows a fish-eye photo of the space shuttle Atlantis as seen from the Russian Mir space station. The authors of "Simulating Realistic Satellite Orbits in the Undergraduate Classroom" describe a simulation-laboratory used to study satellites moving through an atmosphere of variable density. See their paper beginning on p. 452 of this issue. (Photo courtesy NASA.)
September 2005 cover September 2005, Volume 43, Number 6 This month's cover shows a stream of water penetrating a soap film. See "Soap, Colors, Holes, and Much More" by L.M. Gratton and S. Oss beginning on p. 338 of this month's issue.
May 2005 cover May 2005, Volume 43, Number 5 The quilt on this month's cover, designed by Julie Becker, illustrates several important physics concepts and also serves as an example of various quilting techniques. Becker discusses how the topics of quilting and physics can be intertwined in her paper beginning on p. 276 of this issue. (The quilt was quilted by Lisa Winkler of Winding River Quilting, http://www.windingriverquiltshop.com. Quilt photo by Lloyd Grotjan of Full Spectrum Photo, http://www.fullspectrumphotoaudio.com.)
April 2005 cover April 2005, Volume 43, Number 4 This month's cover B. Cameron Reed discusses plutonium production in nuclear power reactors in his paper beginning on p. 222 of this issue.
March 2005 cover March 2005, Volume 43, Number 3 In this issue, Robert Romer describes his meeting with Albert Einstein in his paper entitled "My Half Hour with Einstein," beginning on p. 140.
February 2005 cover February 2005, Volume 43, Number 2 This month's cover is Mike Ruiz's paper, beginning on p. 88 of this issue, discusses prescribing corrective lenses for myopia and hyperopia.
January 2005 cover January 2005, Volume 43, Number 1 This month's cover is a sequence of photos showing a high-speed Ping-Pong ball passing through two free-standing, nearly empty soft drink cans. See the paper by Peterson, Pulford, and Stein beginning on p. 22 of this issue.

December 2004 cover December 2004, Volume 42, Number 9 This month's cover is Craig Bohren's paper, beginning on p. 522 of this issue, discusses the factors that affect the freezing of streams and ponds.
November 2004 cover November 2004, Volume 42, Number 8 This month's cover is a portrait of Robert Jemison "Tee" Van de Graaff, along with images of his legacy. This fall marks the 75th anniversary of his invention, which paved the way for advances in nuclear and particle physics, and is used in medicine to treat cancer and in industry for materials analysis. However, it is physics teachers who use it most, and we are directly responsible for making Van de Graaff's name so famous. His brother's daughter, Pat Hanson, commissioned the portrait, painted by Viktor Korotayev, and this is the first time the foundation overseeing his original home has permitted this picture, as well as Fig. 1 in the paper (beginning on p. 463), to be published. Permission granted only to The Physics Teacher. ©2004 Jemison-Van de Graaff Mansion Foundation Inc.
October 2004 cover October 2004, Volume 42, Number 7 This month's cover shows the photo, by Carrie Dawson of Warren Hills High School, in Washington, NJ, won first place in the Natural Category of the 2004 AAPT High School Physics Photo Contest. As the girl rides down the slide, her clothes rub against the thick plastic, causing her to become charged. Since her hairs all have net charge of the same sign, they repel each other and stand on end, as shown.
September 2004 cover September 2004, Volume 42, Number 6 This month's cover shows the coefficient of restitution for a collision between a baseball and a bat depends on the conditions under which the ball was stored prior to play. The paper by David Kagan and David Atkinson, beginning on p. 330, describes experiments to determine how this coefficient depends on the relative humidity.
May 2004 cover May 2004, Volume 42, Number 5 This month's cover shows a pair of tulips and their image in a 'double mirror.' The unusual orientation of the image is discussed in DeWeerd and Hill's paper on the handedness of images beginning on p. 275 in this issue.
April 2004 cover April 2004, Volume 42, Number 4 This month's cover is an artist's concept of a planet, at least four times the mass of Jupiter, in orbit only 8 million miles from the star Tau Bootis. As discussed in this month's paper by LoPresto and McKay (pp. 208–211), discovery of so-called "exoplanets" has been accomplished, not by imaging these planets, but by detecting the gravitational influence on their parent stars. ©David A. Hardy/www.astroart.org
March 2004 cover March 2004, Volume 42, Number 3 This month's cover shows color patterns obtained inside a simple color mixing apparatus. Gorazd Planinsic describes how to construct the device out of LEDs and a Ping-Pong ball in his paper beginning on p. 138 of this month's issue.
February 2004 cover February 2004, Volume 42, Number 2 This month's cover is a physics student in East Timor creates a sine wave by swinging a bottle filled with water that is escaping through a small hole in the base. Curt Gabrielson's paper beginning on p. 98, "Physics in East Timor," describes a number of interesting activities that can be performed using simple materials.
January 2004 cover January 2004, Volume 42, Number 1 This month's cover shows Frank DeLarzelere, of BikerFox in Tulsa, Okla. William Wehrbein's paper on "wheelies" and "headers," beginning on p. 27, discusses how to keep both wheels on the ground. (Photo by Jim Danforth & Chandra Hall)

December 2003 cover December 2003, Volume 41, Number 9 A photograph that won third place in the 2003 AAPT High School Physics Photo Contest for the Contrived Category. This image captures what happens the instant a paintball (fired from a gun) hits the lower part of a balloon filled with water. As the paintball makes contact with the surface of the balloon, the balloon breaks along a single tear, pulling back on both sides. (The photo was taken by Meaghan Tanguay, a student at Noble and Greenough School in Deadham, MA.)
November 2003 cover November 2003, Volume 41, Number 8 Antoine Dunklin (#88) of John Carroll University outreaches Anthony Tucker (#41) of Wilmington College for an 8-yard touchdown pass. The analysis of controversial football plays is the subject of the paper by Gregory DiLisi and Richard Rarick beginning on page 454 of this issue. (Photo credit: Fuchs-Kasperak Photography)
October 2003 cover October 2003, Volume 41, Number 7 Authors Saalih Allie et al. discuss the teaching of measurement in the introductory physics lab in their paper, beginning on page 394 of this issue. (Appalachian Photo by University Photographer Mike Rominger)
September 2003 cover September 2003, Volume 41, Number 6 Saffar Arjmandi, Joseph Brinkman, and Terrence Toepker bring push-ups into the physics classroom in their paper, "Physical Push-ups," beginning on page 323 of this issue.
May 2003 cover May 2003, Volume 41, Number 5 This month's cover is a close-up of Galileo's lens (diameter 3.0 cm) in its encasement, date unknown. The crack was due to an unfortunate disregard for the thermal properties of the bronze encasement. The lens, which is on display at the Museo di Storia della Scienza in Italy, is the focus of Harry Manos's paper beginning on page 268 of this issue. (Photo courtesy, IMSS - Institute and Museum of the History of Science, Florence, Italy)
April 2003 cover April 2003, Volume 41, Number 4 This month's cover commemorates the 40th anniversary of TPT with a collage of previous covers. Included are: the very first cover from April 1963, the 10th-anniversary cover (April 1973), showing a likeness of the first editor J.W. Buchta, Harvey White performing a demonstration (Feb. 1983), AAPT's 1993 move to the American Center for Physics (Dec. 1993), and two of our more recent covers.
March 2003 cover March 2003, Volume 42, Number 3 This month's cover shows the gravitational lensing from both luminous and dark matter in the galaxy cluster Abell 1689 distorts the images of more distant background galaxies into so-called "galaxy arcs." The distribution of matter in the universe is among the topics discussed in Lawrence Krauss's paper "The History and Fate of the Universe," beginning on p. 146 of this issue. Photo Credit: NASA, N. Benitez (JHU), T. Broadhurst, (Hebrew Univ.), H. Ford (JHU), M. Clampin(STScI), G. Hartig, (STScI), G. Illingworth (UCO/Lick Observatory), the ACS Science Team and ESA.
February 2003 cover February 2003, Volume 41, Number 2 This month's cover shows the neo-impressionist painting by Paul Signac, entitled "Barques de Pêche à Marseilles," becomes a useful and fun tool in an introductory optics exercise. See "Physics in the Art Museum," by Daniel Dale and Brenae Bailey, beginning on p. 82 of this issue. (Courtesy of the University of Wyoming Art Museum. The painting is a gift of Dr. and Mrs. Theodore Leshner.)
January 2003 cover January 2003, Volume 41, Number 1 This month's cover shows an object that really is "closer than it appears." Ariel Libertun illustrates how this "real life" example can be used to discuss optical concepts in his note beginning on p. 20 of this issue.
December 2002 cover December 2002, Volume 40, Number 9 This month's cover shows "sundogs" positioned on either side of the Sun, with the "upper tangent arc" directly above. These bright patches arise from the refraction of light through oriented ice crystals in clouds. The picture was shot on Kodachrome 64 film using a Nikon F3 camera with a Nikkor 25-50 mm zoom lens. It was made in December 1987 in Roswell, Georgia, looking southwest near sunset. The phenomenon lasted about an hour. Ron Edge explains more about sundogs in his note on p. 522 of this issue. (Photo by Clay S. Turner)
November 2002 cover November 2002, Volume 40, Number 8 This month's cover shows the emission line spectrum of helium as viewed through an uncoated compact disk. At least nine lines are visible, including the prominent yellow line at 587.6 nm. The setup used by Editor Karl Mamola and colleague Joe Pollock to obtain this image is shown in the inset. The optical properties of transparent CDs are the subject of Tim Knauer's "Compact Disk Transmission Spectroscope" (beginning on p. 466) and Paul Gluck's "Compact Disk Optics" (beginning on p. 468).


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