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Oct 2006

Volume 44, Issue 7, pp. 406-480

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Tweaking “Simple Photoelectric Effect” Demo

Jeffrey Goldader

The Physics Teacher -- October 2006 -- Volume 44, Issue 7, pp. 406

Online Publication Date: Sep 2006

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Abstract Unavailable
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01.50.My Demonstration experiments and apparatus
01.40.J- Teacher training
01.50.-i Educational aids

University Teaching Credential

Joe Heafner

The Physics Teacher -- October 2006 -- Volume 44, Issue 7, pp. 406

Online Publication Date: Sep 2006

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Abstract Unavailable
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01.40.Fk Research in physics education
01.75.+m Science and society

Comment on “Kick-off”

Armando Vieira

The Physics Teacher -- October 2006 -- Volume 44, Issue 7, pp. 406

Online Publication Date: Sep 2006

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Abstract Unavailable
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01.50.-i Educational aids
01.50.Wg Physics of toys
01.55.+b General physics
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Step Outside the Classroom and Jump-Start Careers

Arden L. Bement, Jr., Director

The Physics Teacher -- October 2006 -- Volume 44, Issue 7, pp. 408

Online Publication Date: Sep 2006

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Abstract Unavailable
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01.40.gb Teaching methods and strategies
01.75.+m Science and society
01.50.-i Educational aids
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AAPT 75th Anniversary

The Physics Teacher -- October 2006 -- Volume 44, Issue 7, pp. 410

Online Publication Date: Sep 2006

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In recognition of the 75th anniversary of AAPT, during this year we will be publishing brief notes on interesting and significant science-related events in 1931, the founding year of the association.
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01.65.+g History of science
01.60.+q Biographies, tributes, personal notes, and obituaries

AAPT 75th Anniversary

The Physics Teacher -- October 2006 -- Volume 44, Issue 7, pp. 410

Online Publication Date: Sep 2006

Full Text: Read Online (HTML) | Download PDF

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In recognition of the 75th anniversary of AAPT, during this year we will be publishing brief notes on interesting and significant science-related events in 1931, the founding year of the association.
Show PACS
01.65.+g History of science
01.60.+q Biographies, tributes, personal notes, and obituaries

AAPT 75th Anniversary

The Physics Teacher -- October 2006 -- Volume 44, Issue 7, pp. 410

Online Publication Date: Sep 2006

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In recognition of the 75th anniversary of AAPT, during this year we will be publishing brief notes on interesting and significant science-related events in 1931, the founding year of the association.
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01.65.+g History of science
01.60.+q Biographies, tributes, personal notes, and obituaries
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Cannonball

Paul Hewitt

The Physics Teacher -- October 2006 -- Volume 44, Issue 7, pp. 412

Online Publication Date: Sep 2006

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Abstract Unavailable
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01.50.-i Educational aids
01.50.Kw Techniques of testing
01.55.+b General physics
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Estimating the Speed of Light from Earth-Moon Communication

David Keeports

The Physics Teacher -- October 2006 -- Volume 44, Issue 7, pp. 414 | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: Sep 2006

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During the Moon landing of Apollo 16 on April 21, 1972, a spoken message from Earth is heard returning to Earth roughly 2.7 s later. The signal traveled from Earth to the Moon, from the earphone to the microphone of astronaut John Young's space helmet, and back to Earth. A recording of this “space echo,” available at Ref. 1, enables a simple approximate determination of the speed of light.
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01.50.My Demonstration experiments and apparatus
01.55.+b General physics
06.20.Jr Determination of fundamental constants

Science Icebreaker Activities: An Example from Gravitational Wave Astronomy

Michelle B. Larson, Louis J. Rubbo, Kristina D. Zaleski, and Shane L. Larson

The Physics Teacher -- October 2006 -- Volume 44, Issue 7, pp. 416 | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: Sep 2006

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At the beginning of a class, workshop, or meeting, an icebreaker activity is often used to help loosen up the group and get everyone talking. When used as a precursor to group learning, the icebreaker fosters communication so later activities function more smoothly. Science-based icebreaker activities serve the purpose of a traditional icebreaker, while also introducing science content to the audience. The content of the icebreaker may or may not be related to the topic of the upcoming class or meeting. Either way, the activity provides a way to get people talking while the participants simultaneously learn something new and interesting.
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01.40.gb Teaching methods and strategies
04.00.00 General relativity and gravitation
95.85.-e Astronomical observations (additional primary heading(s) must be chosen with these entries to represent the astronomical objects and/or properties studied)

Gravitational Waves: New Observatories for New Astronomy

Louis J. Rubbo, Shane L. Larson, Michelle B. Larson, and Kristina D. Zaleski

The Physics Teacher -- October 2006 -- Volume 44, Issue 7, pp. 420 | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: Sep 2006

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This article reviews the current status of gravitational wave astronomy and explains why astronomers are excited about the new generation of gravitational wave detectors. As part of the review we compare and contrast gravitational radiation to the more familiar electromagnetic radiation. We discuss the current indirect experimental evidence for gravitational waves and how current and future gravitational wave detectors will operate as our newest telescopes are pointed at the skies.
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04.00.00 General relativity and gravitation
95.85.-e Astronomical observations (additional primary heading(s) must be chosen with these entries to represent the astronomical objects and/or properties studied)

Relativistic Effects on Clocks Aboard GPS Satellites

Carl E. Mungan

The Physics Teacher -- October 2006 -- Volume 44, Issue 7, pp. 424

Online Publication Date: Sep 2006

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Consider a clock aboard a satellite orbiting the Earth, such as a Global Positioning System (GPS) transmitter. There are two major relativistic influences upon its rate of timekeeping: a special relativistic correction for its orbital speed and a general relativistic correction for its orbital altitude. Both of these effects can be treated at an introductory level, making for an appealing application of relativity to everyday life.
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01.50.-i Educational aids
01.30.lb Undergraduate schools
03.30.+p Special relativity
04.00.00 General relativity and gravitation
FREE

Kelvin and the Trans-Atlantic Cable

Herman Erlichson

The Physics Teacher -- October 2006 -- Volume 44, Issue 7, pp. 426

Online Publication Date: Sep 2006

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Physics professors are well-acquainted with the accomplishments of Kelvin in physics. They are also aware that he was involved with the laying of the trans-Atlantic cable. But they are usually unaware about the details of his involvement with the cable.
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01.65.+g History of science
07.68.+m Photography, photographic instruments; xerography

The Energetics of Bouncing (Revisited): A Quantitative Demonstration of Energy Conversion During Bouncing

Eric Gettrust

The Physics Teacher -- October 2006 -- Volume 44, Issue 7, pp. 428

Online Publication Date: Sep 2006

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A previous article1 described the gravitational potential energy and the kinetic energy of a bouncing ball and showed that the total of the two actually dropped below the “rest energy” situation of the stationary ball on the floor. The missing energy is in the form of elastic potential energy of the ball and floor. This paper describes the use of probes and sensors to help quantify all three energy forms in order to more completely demonstrate the conservation of mechanical energy.
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01.50.My Demonstration experiments and apparatus
07.07.Hj Display and recording equipment, oscilloscopes, TV cameras, etc.

Classroom Use of Martial Arts Exhibitions

Shane Garrett Landry and Grant R. Denn

The Physics Teacher -- October 2006 -- Volume 44, Issue 7, pp. 430

Online Publication Date: Sep 2006

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Martial arts are becoming increasingly popular, and many of the techniques used by martial artists can provide effective demonstrations to showcase basic physics concepts. Many students have martial arts experience by the time they reach the senior level of high school or college. In one conceptual physics course, seven students out of 40 had studied some form of martial arts. Teachers can use experienced students as a resource and exploit the popularity of martial arts to demonstrate some basic points in Newtonian mechanics via martial arts demonstrations. This interactive mode of learning, we have found, is very popular and highly motivational for the students. In this paper we provide some of the possible examples of effective classroom demonstrations; there are many additional examples that your students may want to introduce.
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01.50.My Demonstration experiments and apparatus
01.55.+b General physics

Thermal Physics Concepts: The Role of the Thermal Effusivity

E. Marín

The Physics Teacher -- October 2006 -- Volume 44, Issue 7, pp. 432

Online Publication Date: Sep 2006

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Inspired by a previously published TPT article,1 this paper describes the concept of thermal effusivity and the role of this parameter in understanding thermal physics concepts, in particular the fact that when we touch objects of equal temperature but of different materials we often feel that one body is “hotter” or “colder.”
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01.40.gb Teaching methods and strategies
44.10.+i Heat conduction
01.30.Rr Surveys and tutorial papers; resource letters

Remote Experimentation Made Easy with LabVIEW™

Perry A. Tompkins

The Physics Teacher -- October 2006 -- Volume 44, Issue 7, pp. 435

Online Publication Date: Sep 2006

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While a lot of emphasis is being placed on Internet-based physics simulations, technology will easily support real experimentation across the Internet.1 Instead of students logging on to a site to watch cartoons following the theoretical equations, they could be logging on to a site that has an actual experiment, run the experiment, and download their unique data to analyze. This is not much more difficult to create than a simulation with the modern software and hardware that is available. This paper discusses two different approaches to real experimentation using National Instrument's LabVIEW™2 software development language. The first approach is to embed the application in a webpage served by the server computer. The second approach is the older and still more powerful use of client∕server paired programs (called VIs or virtual instruments in LabVIEW terminology.) For either approach a dedicated computer that has an Internet static IP address will be needed.
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07.05.-t Computers in experimental physics
01.50.ht Instructional computer use
01.50.Qb Laboratory course design, organization, and evaluation

USA Team Ties for Third at 19th International Young Physicists' Tournament

The Physics Teacher -- October 2006 -- Volume 44, Issue 7, pp. 437

Online Publication Date: Sep 2006

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Two Physical Phenomena in One Experiment

José Naranjo Torres

The Physics Teacher -- October 2006 -- Volume 44, Issue 7, pp. 438

Online Publication Date: Sep 2006

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In the physics laboratory, apparatus is normally used to illustrate a single theory or physical law. The apparatus used to study the principle of linear thermal expansion of solids, such as that manufactured by PASCO scientific,1 provides a bonus. In addition to using this apparatus for its original purpose, it can also be used to illustrate Newton's law of cooling in the course of a single laboratory period.
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01.50.Pa Laboratory experiments and apparatus
01.50.Qb Laboratory course design, organization, and evaluation
01.55.+b General physics
FREE

Doppler Football

Michael J. Ruiz and Jeremy Abee

The Physics Teacher -- October 2006 -- Volume 44, Issue 7, pp. 440

Online Publication Date: Sep 2006

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In this paper we present a design for a Doppler football. The classic Doppler ball uses a piezo buzzer and 9-V battery inside a foam ball. In our Doppler football, the sound level is enhanced by directing the 2.8-kHz tone of the buzzer through a hollow cylinder to one end of the football, with an on-off switch placed at the other end. We discuss our device within the historical context of Doppler demonstrations that have evolved over the many decades since Doppler's discovery.
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01.40.jh Inservice training
01.50.My Demonstration experiments and apparatus
43.38.+n Transduction; acoustical devices for the generation and reproduction of sound

The Levitating Buddha: Constructing a Realistic Cylindrical Mirror Pseudo Image

María Alicia Caussat, Héctor Rabal, and Mikiya Muramatsu

The Physics Teacher -- October 2006 -- Volume 44, Issue 7, pp. 443

Online Publication Date: Sep 2006

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There are several interesting experiments involving image formation that can be easily implemented using mirrored foil, a very inexpensive material. When the foil is somewhat bent by holding its opposite edges and slightly pulling them together, cylindrical surfaces are generated. They behave as cylindrical mirrors, and circular or elliptical cross sections can be made. A project that can be easily built with the mirror foil is the generation of a pseudo image that is so compelling in its apparent reality that it can easily be taken to be the object itself.
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01.50.My Demonstration experiments and apparatus
42.00.00 Optics
42.79.Bh Lenses, prisms and mirrors

Dare You Play It Safe?

Paul Gluck, Oded Yaron, and Margalit Harmatz

The Physics Teacher -- October 2006 -- Volume 44, Issue 7, pp. 445 | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: Sep 2006

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We should like to present here the winning entry in last year's “cracking the safe” nationwide competition for Israeli high schools, organized annually by the youth wing of the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovoth.
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01.50.My Demonstration experiments and apparatus
41.00.00 Electromagnetism; electron and ion optics

The Sandbag Collision

Xueli Zou

The Physics Teacher -- October 2006 -- Volume 44, Issue 7, pp. 448

Online Publication Date: Sep 2006

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As physics teachers, we all know that many introductory physics students have difficulties in understanding conservation of energy during inelastic collisions where the difficult-to-visualize concept of internal energy is involved. An interesting approach using a pair of model carts1,2 has been developed to help students visualize and understand the concept of internal thermal energy involved during an inelastic collision. This paper will illustrate a sandbag collision experiment that uses visible deformation of the sandbag to help students visualize where the kinetic energy goes during an inelastic collision. This experiment problem (as shown in Fig. 1) can be broken into three small subparts: 1) The pendulum bob swings down until right before hitting the box—a conservation of energy problem; 2) The bob collides with the box—a conservation of momentum problem; 3) The box slides on the table until it comes to a stop—a conservation of energy problem or a dynamics problem.
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01.50.Pa Laboratory experiments and apparatus
01.40.gb Teaching methods and strategies
01.40.Fk Research in physics education

Fun with Automobile Springs

Klaus Fritsch

The Physics Teacher -- October 2006 -- Volume 44, Issue 7, pp. 451

Online Publication Date: Sep 2006

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Simple measurements on car suspension systems and their analysis can raise student interest in the elementary discussion of the behavior of springs in oscillating systems. To understand these complicated oscillating systems and to interpret measurements properly, models may be used. Students find out how to make approximations and extract useful information from marginal data using common sense, basic physics, and simple software tools. Basic experiments on a physical model of a car suspension and on a passenger car, as well as the analysis of the data, will be presented. In particular, a value of the bounce mode frequency of a car was obtained using several approaches.
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01.90.+g Other topics of general interest (restricted to new topics in section 01)
01.50.Pa Laboratory experiments and apparatus
03.50.-z Classical field theories

Temperature Transformation Equations

H. L. Neal

The Physics Teacher -- October 2006 -- Volume 44, Issue 7, pp. 455 | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: Sep 2006

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The temperature transformation equations given in introductory physics textbooks1 are written inconsistently with respect to the units to be converted. In this paper I propose temperature transformation equations that eliminate this inconsistency.
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01.90.+g Other topics of general interest (restricted to new topics in section 01)
44.90.+c Other topics in heat transfer (restricted to new topics in section 44)

Blending Old Technology With New: Measuring the Mass of the Electron

Jeremy Brown

The Physics Teacher -- October 2006 -- Volume 44, Issue 7, pp. 457

Online Publication Date: Sep 2006

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One day back in 1974, I was searching through the equipment storage area, where I found these intriguing-looking solenoids, current balances, and electron tubes sitting in the storeroom all covered with dust, obviously unused for some time, calling out to me to be used in some experiment. Eventually I decided to drag out those dusty coils and tubes. I had my students do two experiments from the PSSC Laboratory Manual (1968 edition)1 called “The Measurement of a Magnetic Field in Fundamental Units,” and its companion experiment, “The Mass of the Electron.”
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01.50.Pa Laboratory experiments and apparatus
41.20.-q Applied classical electromagnetism
01.40.gb Teaching methods and strategies

Creating and Analyzing a Mirage

Lauren Richey, Bailey Stewart, and Justin Peatross

The Physics Teacher -- October 2006 -- Volume 44, Issue 7, pp. 460 | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: Sep 2006

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Most people have witnessed mirages such as the distant “puddles” that appear on a highway when the pavement is warmed by the Sun. The warmed surface heats the nearby air creating a temperature gradient with the cooler (and more dense) air above. The apparent displacement of distant objects occurs as light refracts through the different air densities. Rays of light from the sky that are originally directed toward the ground can be bent upward, appearing to a viewer as though coming from the ground. This effect is known as an inferior mirage; a superior mirage occurs when cooler air is underneath.1,2 In this paper, a mirage is created indoors using an electric hotplate and a saucepan filled with ice water.
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01.50.My Demonstration experiments and apparatus
42.25.Bs Wave propagation, transmission and absorption
42.15.Dp Wave fronts and ray tracing
42.68.-w Atmospheric and ocean optics

A Standing-Wave Experiment with a Guitar

Fred W. Inman

The Physics Teacher -- October 2006 -- Volume 44, Issue 7, pp. 465 | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: Sep 2006

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When teaching standing waves, one often uses as examples musical instruments with strings, e.g., pianos, violins, and guitars. In today's popular music culture, young people may be more familiar with guitars than any other string instrument. I was helping my 15-year-old granddaughter make some repairs and adjustments to her electric guitar, and the subject of the spacing between the frets on the fingerboard was raised. I told her that the physics of standing waves and the equal tempered musical scale dictate the location of the frets. The purpose of this paper is to suggest that students might be introduced to the physics of standing waves using a guitar and to the formula for the fret locations. By measuring the positions of the frets, this formula can be tested.
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01.50.Pa Laboratory experiments and apparatus
43.75.+a Music and musical instruments
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A Simple Electric Field Probe in a Gauss's Law Laboratory

Daniel O. Ludwigsen and Gregory N. Hassold

The Physics Teacher -- October 2006 -- Volume 44, Issue 7, pp. 470 | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: Sep 2006

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Early in our calculus-based introductory course, students are introduced to electric fields and sometimes struggle with the abstraction of a vector field. They have less familiarity with the phenomena associated with electric fields, and the connection between phenomena and mathematical formalism is weaker.1 Our very next topic is Gauss's law. While this provides an elegant approach to finding electric field in special cases, the expression involves additional mathematical baggage that may further obscure the electric field. These students aren't yet comfortable with dot products and surface integrals. The usual symmetries are invoked in example problems but require students to visualize flux in three dimensions. It is possible to reach this point in the introductory sequence without venturing outside of two-dimensional problems.
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01.50.Pa Laboratory experiments and apparatus
41.90.+e Other topics in electromagnetism; electron and ion optics (restricted to new topics in section 41)
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Destructive Interference Between Computer Speakers

James Strachan

The Physics Teacher -- October 2006 -- Volume 44, Issue 7, pp. 473

Online Publication Date: Sep 2006

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Abstract Unavailable
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01.50.My Demonstration experiments and apparatus
01.55.+b General physics
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Colorful Conundrum

Matt Lowry

The Physics Teacher -- October 2006 -- Volume 44, Issue 7, pp. 474

Online Publication Date: Sep 2006

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Abstract Unavailable
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01.50.My Demonstration experiments and apparatus
78.55.-m Photoluminescence, properties and materials
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Paper Waves

Richard A. Lohsen

The Physics Teacher -- October 2006 -- Volume 44, Issue 7, pp. 475

Online Publication Date: Sep 2006

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Abstract Unavailable
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01.50.My Demonstration experiments and apparatus
01.30.lb Undergraduate schools
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FREE

A Band on the Loose

Boris Korsunsky

The Physics Teacher -- October 2006 -- Volume 44, Issue 7, pp. 476

Online Publication Date: Sep 2006

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Abstract Unavailable
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01.50.Rt Physics tournaments and contests
01.40.J- Teacher training
01.55.+b General physics
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The First Three Minutes … of Class

Timothy F. Slater

The Physics Teacher -- October 2006 -- Volume 44, Issue 7, pp. 477

Online Publication Date: Sep 2006

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Editor's Note: The importance of setting the tone from the beginning of class cannot be emphasized enough. Dr. Tim Slater, a frequent contributor to this column, shares some strategies to get students actively engaged in the lesson quickly using discrepant events and bell work tasks.
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01.40.gb Teaching methods and strategies
01.40.J- Teacher training
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The Elegant Universe; http:∕∕www.pbs.org∕wgbh∕nova∕elegant∕program_d.html

Julia Olsen, Ph.D. Candidate

The Physics Teacher -- October 2006 -- Volume 44, Issue 7, pp. 479

Online Publication Date: Sep 2006

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Abstract Unavailable
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01.50.H- Computers in education
01.50.F- Audio and visual aids

Workshops and lessons about the physics underlying Color Mixing, the Incandescent Light Bulb, Graphite Pencil DC Circuits, Safe Driving, and The Seasons—http:∕∕www.sci-ed-ga.org∕modules—by Dr. Larry Woolf

Larry Woolf

The Physics Teacher -- October 2006 -- Volume 44, Issue 7, pp. 479

Online Publication Date: Sep 2006

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Abstract Unavailable
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01.50.H- Computers in education
01.50.-i Educational aids
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Computation “is” Physics!: Computational Physics: Nicholas J. Giordano and Hisao Nakanishi

Marco Buongiorno Nardelli

The Physics Teacher -- October 2006 -- Volume 44, Issue 7, pp. 480

Online Publication Date: Sep 2006

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Abstract Unavailable
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01.30.Vv Book reviews
01.40.gb Teaching methods and strategies

MicroReviews by the Book Review Editor: A Hand Up: Women Mentoring Women in Science: Deborah C. Fort

John L. Hubisz

The Physics Teacher -- October 2006 -- Volume 44, Issue 7, pp. 480

Online Publication Date: Sep 2006

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Abstract Unavailable
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01.30.Vv Book reviews
01.50.-i Educational aids
01.75.+m Science and society

MicroReviews by the Book Review Editor: Candid Science IV: Conversations with Famous Physicists: Magdolna Hargittai & István Hargittai

John L. Hubisz

The Physics Teacher -- October 2006 -- Volume 44, Issue 7, pp. 480

Online Publication Date: Sep 2006

Full Text: Read Online (HTML) | Download PDF

Abstract Unavailable
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01.30.Vv Book reviews
01.50.-i Educational aids
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